Effective
Managers are required in all types of organizations-big or small,manufacturing
or service,profit-making or philantrophic. In fact, having talented people is
so essential to the success of the organization expressed as “the ability to
attract, develop and keep talented people.”
Managers
have to have certain competencies for being effective.
“Competencies
are a combination of knowledge, skills, behaviours, and attitudes that
contribute to personal effectiveness.”
Managerial
Competencies are sets of knowledge, skills, behaviours, and attitudes that a
person needs to be effective in a wide range of positions and in various types
of organizations.
There are
six key managerial competencies:
- Communication
- Planning and Administration
- Teamwork
- Strategic Action
- Global Awareness
- Self-Management.
- Managerial functions are generally the same for first-line superiors, middle managers and top executives. Besides managers obtain the results by establishing an environment for effective and efficient performance of individuals working together in groups.
- Managerial knowledge is classified according to functions of Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Leading and Controlling .
- The Manager has to deal with the Internal and External Environment
Definition
of Management
Management
is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which
individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims.
This
definition when expanded means the following:
1.As
managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing,
staffing, leading and controlling
2.
Management applies to any kind of organization
3. It
applies to managers at all levels
4. The aim
of all managers is the same: to create a surplus
5. Managing
is concerned with productivity; this implies efficiency and effectiveness
Efficiency is ‘doing things
right’;that is ,it is a measure of how well resources are used to achieve
results
Effectiveness is ‘doing the right
things’;this is about selecting the right objectives to pursue in the first
place
Managers
should be both Efficient and Effective but effectiveness is the critical issue.
A manager’s
most essential task is to see that everyone understands the group’s purposes
and objectives and its methods of attaining them
Planning
involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them;
that is choosing from among alternatives future courses of action.
Planning
bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to be.
Planning by
its very nature consists of 4 major aspects:
- Its contribution to purpose and objectives
- Its primacy among the manager’s tasks
- Its pervasiveness
- The efficiency of resulting plans
Planning
and controlling are very closely connected and are inseparable. A plan without
controlling aspects included or controls without planning both are useless for
the manager and serve no purpose.