India was one of the
first countries in Asia to recognize the effectiveness of the Export Processing
Zone (EPZ) model in promoting exports. Asia's first EPZ was set up in Kandla in
1965. With a view to attract larger foreign investment in India, the Special
Economic Zones (SEZs) Policy was announced in April 2000. This policy was
intended to make SEZs an engine for economic growth supported by quality
infrastructure and by an attractive fiscal package, both at the Centre and the
State level, with the minimum possible regulations. The functioning of the SEZs
in India is guided by the provisions of the Foreign Trade Policy and fiscal
incentives were made effective through the provisions of relevant statutes.
To instill confidence in
investors and to impart stability to the SEZ regime thereby generating greater
economic activity and employment through the establishment of SEZs, a
comprehensive draft SEZ Bill was prepared in consultation with the
stakeholders. The Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, was passed by Parliament in
May, 2005 and received Presidential assent on the 23rd of June, 2005. After
extensive consultations, the SEZ Act, 2005, supported by SEZ Rules, came into
effect on 10th February, 2006, providing for drastic simplification of
procedures and for single window clearance on matters relating to Central as
well as State Governments. The main objectives of the SEZ Act are:
- generation of additional economic activity;
- promotion of exports of goods and services;
- promotion of investment from domestic and foreign
sources;
- creation of employment opportunities; and development of infrastructure facilities